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  Eliza Sunderland

Eliza Sunderland (1839-1910) was one of the first eight women to earn a Ph.D. in philosophy in the United States, from the University of Michigan in 1892.  Although students and colleagues twice petitioned to have her appointed to a faculty position at Michigan – once in 1891 and again in 1894 – she was passed over because the university had a policy against hiring female professors at the time.  Despite this rejection, in 1894-95 Sunderland held a series of introductory philosophy lectures for Michigan students at the Unitarian church where she was virtually a co-minister with her husband.  She wrote  a number of articles on religion and women’s rights that went to press, but she never published her 1894-95 philosophy lectures. 

Unlike most women in this era, Sunderland was married and managed to have a career while raising her children – Gertrude (b. 1873), Edson (b. 1875), and Florence (b. 1877) –  earning her Ph.D. when they were teenagers.

  The letters displayed show the support of some of Sunderland’s most prominent colleagues for the Michigan faculty appointments.  Displayed with the permission of the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.

From Lucinda Hinsdale Stone, feminist and educator, to Michigan University president, James Angell:

Dr. Angell

Dear Sir:

I understand that the number of lady students in the University is greatly increased this year; also that many of the classes are unmanageably large . . .

It is my strong conviction that for the good of the University and the maintenance of its noble leadership in the newer and juster ideas of education, this ship of advance must come and in all our higher institutions like Ann Arbor, as well as in our less distinguished colleges where it has already come.

I find this idea growing among the alumnae of the University, especially among those who graduated some years ago – some of whom have entered into professions and some who have had broader advantages in foreign travel and study in foreign institutions.  These have come face to face with problems in life which were not open to them when they were in the University.  They say they are older now and wiser – they see things in a different light and wish that when they were in the University, they could have come more closely in contact with women – more closely than through the very kindly association even now offered them by the wives of the professors and many ladies in Ann Arbor.  Not long since, I received a letter from a post-graduate lady student, now, I believe, a student or teacher in some east college . . .

“Professor or instructor Tufts is going to vacate his place in Michigan University, is called and has accepted the call to Chicago University.  Now I have studied and recited two years with Mrs. Sunderland in the department in which Mr. Tufts has been a teacher, and I know that Mrs. Sunderland is second only to Dr. Dewey, the head of the department.  Why should she not be an instructor in that department?  Could anything be brought to bear as to bring this thing about?”

My desire is to see noble, capable and perfectly well fitted women as well as men teachers and professors, as I know they will be in our University and in all our great colleges.  The trend of time is towards it and we cannot remand the tide to its old bounds any more than could King Conute the tides of the ocean.

Yours very truly,

L.H. Stone

From John Dewey, who was becoming one of the most famous philosophers and educators in the U.S. at this time:

 June 23, 1984

Mrs. Eliza Sunderland studied for her doctorate of philosophy in the University of Mich. While I had charge of the work in philosophy, taking her major and one minor study in that line.  It is simple justice to Mrs. Sunderland to state that she more than earned her degree.  Whether one considers the range of ground covered, the mass of facts acquired, the grasp and assimilation of those facts, the power of stating them in well-arranged and clear terms, the power of bringing out their moral and practical bearing, Mrs. Sunderland’s work appears equally admirable.

 

In case Mrs. Sunderland should care ever to take up the work of instructor in Philosophy, I feel sure that she would succeed thoroughly in it.  For such work, I can recommend her with the utmost confidence.

 

Respectfully,

John Dewey

 

Rogersd@mail.montclair.edu

This page was revised on 09/04/03
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